Stations spaces are important examples of public spaces which are in close connections with the social life of people. Also, the social interaction and relation between people and city environment will become so important for metro station spaces. Therefore, metro stations play an essential role in urban life. Thus, it is essential to consider the metro stations as public spaces in order to reach the social sustainability.This paper addresses the result of a research done by the authors on the influential elements on improvement of social interaction in metro stations. The goal of present research is investigating the preferences of architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in metro station spaces. For doing so after studying and investigating the opinions and approaches for improving the social interactions in transport areas, by using the technique for gathering information via questionnaire the preferences of users for the goal of the research have been studied. The result of the research show that in case of architectural requirements which contribute to improving social interactions, consideration to the resting and sitting furniture, great dimensions of space and establishing diverse activities in surround of metro station are the most important factors.

Research Problem: Sustainable communication among the three elements of man, nature and architecture is an issue that most architects and researchers have sought to realize since the emergence of environmental and cultural problems created by modern architecture. What is considered in this paper is the ability to communicate correctly and efficiently between these three elements using the creation of interconnection spaces. By connecting and detaching, mentally and objectively, the interconnection leads to the proper connection of the body components with the design context. This element helps to unify the texture while helping to understand each space separately, by defining the hierarchy. Forming this relationship properly and appropriately can help sustain an architectural work. This feature in interconnection doubles the importance of considering it in designing. Research Question: Howmuch can Interconnection spaces contribute to achieve sustainable architecture? Which design solutions can lead to sustainable architecture? Research Method: the method used in this paper is a descriptive-analytical way. Therefore, indicators of sustainable architecture and interconnection space are introduced to investigate the impact of interconnection spaces on the realization of sustainable architecture. In the present study, by identifying multi-dimensional features of interconnections and adapting them to sustainable architectural indicators, the effective communication of these two concepts have been discussed. Since Mosques are one of the prominent uses of Islamic monuments in Iranian architecture, which has always been regarded as the core of Islamic cities because of their sustainable connection to the context, in this study, the mosque is examined as an example of interconnecting spaces that has led to its comprehensive connection with the context. Hence spaces such as ‘Jolokhan’, porch (Eyvan), Hashti, Revagh, and yard which create the connection and detachment of the mosque with its context are introduced exactly and in a period of time can be a pattern for Iranian architecture. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: Interconnection can play a role in all scales of design, from the micro to the macro, from structure to architecture, from voluminous concepts to details and decorations. Since one of the pillars of sustainability is the proper connection to the field-from various cultural, social, environmental, economic-aspects, with the correct design and proper alignment of the interconnections, this connection can be properly formed and ultimately have a lasting effect. In order to summarize the proposed contents, solutions have been provided that generally refer to the characteristic of the interconnection wall or the creation of interconnection space which can be defined and experienced, including the attention to open and semi-open spaces to communicate flexibility of design and to reach a wider range of audiences, employing past successful patterns in space design, using technological or local methods for wall design, considering the maximum use of spaces and avoiding energy wastage for proper communication between design components and context through the creation of interconnection space. These solutions can be implemented in different designs and in different forms and at different scales by comparing the design of sustainable mosques and the aforementioned solutions, we can say that due to the different aspects of sustainability in providing these solutions, considering them in the design process, sustainable architecture goals in other uses can be achieved to a great extent.

The importance of this research, however, is to create the theory that architecture has a role in human communication, so after recognizing the relation between architecture and human communication, which is important from a practical point of view; we could make strides in explaining theoretical relation between two architectural structure and human communication. To accomplish this research, we took advantage of two procedures as combining two documentary and survey methods for data collection of the research. The method of this research in terms of purpose is practical (applied) and data gathering is descriptive and correlation type. The populations of this study includes 2559, all the architect members of engineering system Organization of Tehran province. Samples are selected by the use of Morgan Table and include 335 individuals. Sampling method is simple random. Reseacher's made questionnaire was used for data collecting. Face and content -related validity was obtained by using the available sources and connoisseurs’ opinions and their validity through tentative execution and calculation of Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was equal to 89. The findings of the research while substantiating theories, given the role of space and architectural aesthetic in the human communication, showed that paying precise attention to these factors would help improving more development in human communication.

In study of sema and its related architectural spaces in chalabioghlu khanghah, the main goal is to understand the most important principles of spaces formation in the complex.To achieve this goal, at the very first place it’s necessary to study Sema tradition itself in the second step, architecture of the complex should be taken to consideration, both as a whole and in details. Acquiring all these information, it would be possible perspective of how the space was shaped and know the prominent factors in this relationship. Also their functions and relations would be completely clarified, in order to have a proper answer for how Sema had effected the symbolic conformation of the complex. The results will classify the compartments and features which form Khanghah complexes in accordance with different levels of Islamic art, as well as the way function had modified the process of building formation.

An analysis of the characteristics of spaces designed for computer games can help identify and control their different impacts on the world of children. In this regard, emotional violent games are highly critical which, considering the setting they make, can get the individual move out of the real-time world and transfer into an unknown world that considerably involves his senses. The present study aims to identify the stimulating factors in common children and teenagers’ games by briefly examining the most popular games among this age group, and to analyze the components of those games using a phenomenological method and from an architectural and space perspective. Using the components extracted, the study also investigates the computer games in terms of intensity of excitements and sensory involvement. The findings show that computer games usually engage the visual and auditory senses of the user and communicate with him; but in addition to that, the structural setting of the gaming space which causes such problems as hiding in semi-transparent or semi-visible spaces may affect the excitement and stress of the game and involve the user’s sense of place in the gaming space, thus making him engage in the game challenges, for the fear of being seen, in exploring and understanding the environment.

Intellectual disable children from the view point of physically, mentally, behavioral and socially have great differences with other children. The aim of this study is understanding and searching for factors which cause specific quality in architecture of educational spaces for intellectual disable children, which is appropriate for their mental, physical, psychical and behavioral characteristics, to gain the highest ability of these children, who need specific needs. In this study we used the method of Survey, which after gathering and classifying, in SPSS would be analyzed by using of "Chi-squarer" test. The samples in this study consist of 45 intellectual disable students (21 girls, 24 boys) in forth, fifth and sixth elementary classes that some of them suffer multi- disability. The results showed that factors like building materials, voice, colors and conformity in educational spaces have specific effects on the quality of these spaces. Based on the results, intellectual disable children suffer from some mentally stresses and disturbs. So architectural spaces could raise children's ability by using some fine and curve forms, colors, dimensions and environmental conformity. As the architectural spaces can effect on intellectual disable children's ability, educational designing spaces have specific importance and these kind of spaces would be safe, calm and also motive.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since the mosque is one of the most important manifestations of Islamic civilization, it important to examine its spatial structures. The present study aims to identify the main constituent structures of the spaces in mosques and to investigate how they have changed over time, from the early rise of Islam to the contemporary era. METHODS: It is interpretive-historical research carried out through a case study. The required data are collected using library study and observations. In the present study, Aleppo is selected as the case study due to its significance in Islamic civilization and the originality of the works in it, which have led to the inscription of Aleppo city on the UNESCO World Heritage List. FINDINGS: The research findings are classified into 5 classes including four historical periods of Umayyad, Ayyubid, Mamluk, and Ottoman, and the contemporary era, based on the similarities of patterns. The results indicate the changes in the structures of mosques from functional (especially devotional) combinations of open, roofed, and closed spaces to the merely closed space and the changes in the center of the structure from the courtyard (open space) to the domed Shabistan (closed space). CONCLUSION: The pattern of the worship space has changed from columnar Shabistan to domed Shabistan. Shabistan and minarets are the most stable spaces in the spatial structure of mosques from the Ottoman period to the present. In the contemporary period, roofed and open spaces have transition and service functions, respectively and open spaces are most unstable in the spatial structure of mosques.

It is assumed that effective interaction between students and architectural spaces, along with the presence of architectural qualities, creates conditions for learning architecture through engagement with the environment. The most prominent environmental quality is aesthetic quality. In architectural education, learners, through sensory interaction with the environment, undergo a perceptual process that introduces them to an aesthetic experience, encompassing both aesthetic pleasure and architectural pleasure. This research focuses on "architectural pleasure" in architectural education environments, offering a fresh perspective on an important and innovative aspect of architectural education. The research question is: If pleasure is considered one of the main characteristics of architectural aesthetics, what manifestations of it can be observed in architectural education spaces? To achieve this goal and address the research question, the concept of architectural pleasure was examined in the Faculty of Architecture in Yazd. This faculty is housed in the Rasoulian House, a Qajar-era building. The research was conducted in two stages: library research and field studies. In the first stage, relevant literature was reviewed to gain a general understanding of the concept of "architectural pleasure," and through logical reasoning, characteristics for the emergence of architectural pleasure were identified. In the second stage, field studies and empirical evidence were collected, and by referring to the literature, the manifestation of architectural pleasure in the Faculty of Art and Architecture of Yazd was presented in tables. The results of this research indicate that architectural pleasure in this faculty, located in the traditional Rasoulian House, manifests in the forms of physical pleasure, psychological pleasure, social pleasure, and ideological pleasure.Research Objectives:To explain architectural pleasure and its role in architectural education.To examine the presence or absence of architectural pleasure in architectural education environments.Research Questions:What is architectural pleasure, and how is it related to different levels of pleasure?In traditional houses repurposed as architecture faculties, what components of architectural pleasure can be identified?

Light significantly affects human physiological and psychological dimensions, particularly emotions, which play a key role in mental health. Exploring the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of light and emotional or affective states in indoor architectural spaces is essential due to the substantial time people spend in such environments. However, a comprehensive study that integrates and summarizes existing knowledge in this field is still lacking. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence and identify research gaps. A total of 4,897 records were identified using relevant keywords from five databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and APA PsycINFO. The review followed the Prisma 2020 guidelines. After screening (kappa = 0.784) and assessing eligibility based on PICOS criteria, 14 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria and authors’ consensus. Reviewing references led to the inclusion of one additional article. All 15 studies were rated as of acceptable quality, and their data were extracted. The findings reveal that most prior studies have evaluated the effects of Illuminance, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT), Lighting Color, and Lighting Distribution or Direction on Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD) in predominantly administrative, commercial, or educational indoor spaces. Generally, all PAD dimensions are directly correlated with Illuminance level, and Arousal is directly related to CCT. Furthermore, the combination of direct and indirect Lighting and relatively complex lighting Distribution increase Pleasure, and Colored light heightens Arousal while reducing Dominance. Identified research gaps underscore the need for future studies focusing on artificial lighting dependent on interior architectural form, indoor natural light, residential environments, and the use of behavioral and neurophysiological indicators for emotion evaluation.

Problem statement: Architecture, as a work of art, can evoke both concrete and abstract meanings for humans, thus establishing a profound connection with their emotions. “Transcendence1“ is an emotional concept that has been discussed in the theories of Western architectural theorists, and some travelogue writers have also mentioned their perception of this meaning in historical buildings of Iran2. This concept is particularly evident in certain dome structures and the interior halls of traditional Iranian buildings, spanning a range of sacred buildings like mosques and tombs to everyday structures such as Timchehs and baths.Research objective: The aim of this research is to explore how the meaning of “transcendence” manifests in some Iranian architectural buildings and to provide a framework that can be utilized by designers and students to understand the emergence of the meaning of transcendence.Research method: This study is qualitative, employing a descriptive and analytical method based on logical reasoning and the analysis of selected samples through a formalist critique approach.Conclusion: Architecture that embodies the meaning of transcendence creates a space for mental concentration and places individuals within that space. In this environment, the uplifting force, liberation from the emotional weight of matter, and connection to the infinite are mentally evoked, thus preparing the context for the experience of transcendence in humans.